powers



APPLICATION 'riLEu JULY 22.1516.

- Patented sept-9, v1919.

gym? wko/c James Ryu/ers 9, 1919. EET 2'.

3 SHEET 5 :avea/LFO@ Lfamesawers u Patented S||||I|I|||IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllllllIlIlnl APILICATIGN FILED JULY22.19.16.

.A @DI ||.|...I| .|.n|, .I. -..ll llllll Jl l ll I I l l I I I II|.I|II|I l I .Il l l I l I IW l n l ||.|l/l Il l l APPARATUS AND METHODFOR FORMULATING AND TRANS-LATING CODES.

kga@ @n C@ c@ J. POWERS.

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR FoHMuLATlNGANo TR'ANsLATrlNGcoDEs.. APPLICAT!GN FILED )ULY 22, l9|6 1,315,406. A Patentedsept. 9,1919.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3- JAMES POWERS, 0F NEW YORK, N. Y.

APPARATUS AND `METHOD FOB. FORMULATING- AlNlD TRANSLATING CODES.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Sept. 9, 1919).,

Application led July 22, 1916. Serial No. 110,628.

'To all whom t may concern:

.Be it known that l, JAMES POWERS, a citizen of the United States,residing at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York,have invented a certain new and useful Apparatus and Method forFormulating and Translating Codes, of which the following is aspecification.'

This invention has to do with an apparatus and method of formulating andtranslating codes, and which may be herein designated as an automaticcode machine or apparatus and method of using the same, and which ismore brieiiy designated as a code formulator and translator, the objectof the invention being to provide a method and apparatus fortransmitting messages or correspondence in code language thereby to doaway with the use of code books and other similar known code media,while at the same time providing an improved code System impossible ofdeciphering .without the key thereto.

A further object of the invention is the provision of a code apparatuswhich may be used in connection with an ordinary typewriter both toformulate and also to translate or transcribe the code message.

A further object of the invention is the provision of a code apparatussimple in construction and operation and by means of which innumerablecodes can be formulated as required, so that if desired such codes maybe changed from day to day.

A further object of the invention is the provision of a code machinewhich, in connection with an ordinary typewriter of the sender and asimilar typewriter of the receiver, can be used to formulate andtranslate any desired code message in the ordinary manner in which atypewriter is mampulated and without liability of such message beingdeciphered by an unauthorized party.

At the present time it is the practice to use various code books or codesystems in the formulation and translation of code mese` sages, thisrequiring of course that the sender and receiver shall havea similarcodeY book,`

but obviously each agent of a government wherever located must have asimilar code book and must be advised of any changes that are made fromtime to time. Not only this, but to formulate and translate such a codemessage requires the tedious use of such a code book, whereas by thepresent improve* ment, by means of the ordinary typewriter a code can beimmediately formulated and immediately translated without the necessityof a code book or anythingV else other than this machine and thenecessary key for the setting of the machine, and which key in thepresent instance may consist of a couple of numbers readily memorized bythe user and receiver, or which can be readilytransmitted through someother medium, as by telegraph, from that which transmits the message.

Therefore the present invention does away with all code systems and codebooks and the waste of valuable time in using the same, and by means ofwhich innumerable codes or new combinations of letters can be made andchanged from day to day, so that by the use of one machine the sendermay send different codes to many different agents without thepossibility of any one except the recipient being able to read any othermessage.

In the drawings accompanying and form- '2 having the usual keyboard 3and keylevers 4, and in the present instance this typewriter ispreferably mounted upon a suitable supporting medium or base 5, whichbase or supporting medium has at one end,

vpreferably in front of the typewriter key-y board, a supportingpedestal 6 provided with a spider 7 carrying a sleeve or bushing Sand araceway 9 for the support of the code formulator and translator, whichcomprises a rotar)v disk 10 carrying a series of depressible characterkeys 11 arranged in which be controlled by a Yale lock formed as a.

barrel of the worm 14, so that the crank 15 may have its end in the formof a key whereby the Worm 14 can only be turned by the insertion ofthe'proper crank. In view of the numerous combinations of such locks, asthe Yale and others which could be used, it will be obvious that thecode formulator and translator may be effectively locked in this wayagainst improper tampering therewith. This worm 14 is suitably supportedin position by bearings 16 carried by a part of the pedestal. A casingor drum 17 is secured to the disk 10 and, together with the fixed partor band 24 hereinafter described, incloses the worm disk 12, the band 24being provided with an opening 18 to permit the meshing of the worm 14with the worm teeth of the disk 12. The rotary drum formed by the wormdisk 12 and top disk 10 and casing 17 has a shaft 19 secured theretoaxially thereof, and this shaft extends into and preferably through thesleeve 8, it being i provided with a ball bearing raceway 20 at.

its lower end to facilitate the easy turning of the drum. The undersideofthe worm disk or wheelV 12 is likewise provided with a raceway 21between which and the raceway 9 of the pedestal may be located suitableball bearings 22, and by means of which the drum is supported on thepedestal. The lower end of the shaft 19 may beprovided with means forpermitting the instrument -to be sealed so that tampering with the instrument can beimmediately detected, since it will be necessary to breakthe seal in order to remove the disk. l A

v Carried by the spider 7 are projections 23 having secured thereto aband 24 forming with the drum 17 hereinbefore referred toa completelinclosure for most of the parts hereinbefore described. The drum 17 andthe band 24 are provided on their outer faces with registering marks andwhat may be designated as key numbers, the drum carrying a circularseries of numbers running say from 1 up to any desired numbercorresponding with thel number of char-v acters on the typewriter, andwhich series of numbers is designated as 25, while `the band 24 likewisecarries a circular series of numbers designated as 26, which may be thenumber was used.

same or a different series of numbers from those on the drum, and thesetwo sets of numbers constitute the key number of the machine so that byrotating the drinn through the medium of the crank any number upon thedrum may be brought in juxtaposition to any number upon the band, which-band of course has a fixed position and is not .r0- tated, so that asshown in Fig. 1 the numeral 1 may be brought opposite the numeral 1l andthe numeral 2 opposite the numeral 12, and so on. Y,

Connected with each key lever 4 of the typewriterby a suitable linkorwire 27 is a similar series of key levers 28 the rear end of each ofwhich, as at 29, is pivotally supported in the supporting means and thefront end of which is provided with an upturned lportion 30 forming acircular series of up# turned members each of which is in position to bemanipulated by any one of the keys 11 of the code formulator and,translator as the same is rotated on its pedestal.

`In the presentinstance the shift, key and space bar of the typewriterare not con'- nected with the code formulator and translator, but aremanipulated in the usual way by the operator, the former the capitalv orsmall letters and the latter to space the words in the usual manner.

In operation the operator, in order to send a code message, will turnthe character disk `mto any desired position other than that in whichthe characters will be 4the same yas those on`the typewriter. In otherwords, he will turn the diskA so that the letter A of the apparatuswill` operate some other key lever `than the letter A of the typewr1ter.For instance, if the operator desired to send the code word POWERS- hewould set'- the disk so that the letter P would operate another lever ofthe typewriter than the lever marked P, i ample, he would set it so thatthe lever P when depressed on 4the `)character carrying disk woulddepress say the key lever A of the typewriter, and the lever O of thecharacter-ca-rrymg dlsk would depress whatever letter correspondedtherewith according to the settingI of the disk, and so on, so thatwhile the operator was writing the word POWERS the typewriter wouldwrite some unintelligible word, which, however, would always be the samewhen the same key This word might be A'QO,U9 provided that in Fig. 2 thedisk was rotated say twenty-four letters to the right to have the letterP correspond with the letter A on the typewriter. It will be understood,of course, that the unintelligible wordA just quoted would notnecessarily be the word that is written with the ordinary typewriter,because these letters do not come in the order as arrangedon al1typewriters, but they simply serve as an example.

to obtain either l' that is to say, forext lala/loe lt will beunderstood from the foregoing that the sending and receiving disks areduplicates, so that if the sending disk is set with the key numbercombination l-ll and this writes on the typewriter a certainunintelligible word it of course follows that when the receiver sets hisdisk with the same key number combination and depresses the letters ofthis unintelligible word the word POVERS is written onthe typewriter.

At the time the operator sets his character-carrying disks 17 in themanner shown this will bring the key numbers on the outside of the druminto a certain relation with the key numbers on the band Q6, and in thiscase say for example that this is l-ll, so that. in writing thewordPOlVERSto form an unintelligible word such as that hereinbeforereferred to the key number will be l-ll.l Consequently the operator, ifthe recipient does not know the particular key number of his codemessages, will simply telegraph to the recipient of the message the keynumber l-ll, and thereupon the recipient of the message will set hismachine so that the character-carrying disk will have the numeral l inregister with the numeral ll on-the band Q6, whereupon when he depressesthe plungers carrying the characters of the unintelligible code word, asfor instance AQQUQ, the typewriting machine will write the word FGW/ERS.

Thus it will be observed that by the use of this code formulator andtranslator the sender and recipient, each having a similar typewriterand one of these code machines, can formulate and translate any desiredcode message, changing the same daily if necessary by merelytransmitting a different key number, withoutthe use of code books orother similar media, and that by rotating the disk any desiredcombination of lettersma)v be obtained limited only by the combinationsof.

letters, numerals and other characters on the typewriter, for obviouslythe letter A on the code machine, instead of writing the letter P on thetypewriter, might write the interrogation point, or the period, or anumeral. lt thus follows that one agent of a government for instancewould not be able to decipher any other agents message, as each agentcould have a different key number, so that several agents could senddierent messages to their government and neither could read the othersmessage, while the United States Government for instance could decipherall cf the messages, although formed on the same kind of machines andthe same kind of typewriters, so that although thousands of people mayhave similar code or master machines and similar ltypewriters no one ofthem could read the message of any other unless he had the proper keynumber.

Furthermore. it will be observed that the necessity of changing theordinary book code or devising further codes is entirely unnecessary,smce w1th a mastercode machine of the kind described the owner thereofmay sured by reason of the sealing means used in case the machine ismanipulated improperly. lt therefore follows that even though themessage should be stolen in transit, and even though the person stealingit should have one of these code machines, he still would be unable todecipher the code message unless he had the key number, which would onlybe within the memory of the recipient or, as hereinbefore stated, couldbe sent by a separate mode of transmission. ln other words, without theproper key number the machine is useless to decipher any message thatmay be Written thereon, and as this key number may be carried in thememory of the users of the machine it therefore cannot be ascertained asis the case where it is carried in a. book or some other writtenmemorandum, in other words it cannot be stolen. lt will also be obviousthat the sender of the message may have one key number for therecipient, who in answering the message may use an entirely differentkey number previously arranged between the parties or transmit-ted insome way other than with the message ifl this is undesirable.

Thus it will be observed, in conclusion, that by a very simple andinexpensive mechanism and the use of ordinary typewriters l haveprovided an improved ,system of formulating and translatingA codescapable of being changed from day to day as occasion requires and bymeans of which different users may send diii'erent messages Withouty onebeing able to decipher that of another, although using the sameidentical machine.

ln addition to the advantages hereinbefore vdescribed a machine of thiskind is readily adapted for use in connection with foreigncorrespondence where it is desired to send a letter for instance in theRussian language more or less unintelligible to any one familiar withthat language. For instance, if an operator desires tosend a letter inthe Russian language to some one in Russia it would be merely necessaryto have the typewriter provided with Russian characters while the codemachine will have its keys provided with English characters.Consequently on the depression of the English characters of the codemachine the letter will be Written by the typewriter in Russian type, sothat when received by the foreign correspondent in Russia the clerk, whowould probably be familia-r with the Russian characters but' notnecessarily with the English language, would merely have to depressthekeys of the code machine, which in this case wouldv have Russianrcharacters thereon, whereupon the typewriter, which of course would beprovided with English type, would re-orm the letter into an English onefor the benefit y of the recipient, and this would be more or lessunintelligible to the clerk, since he not being familiar with theEnglish vlanguage could not read it and as the letter having beenoriginally written'fin the English manner would bemore or lessunintelligible be- V cause the Russian characters would beconsiderablyjumbled up, the words not being in their proper places, etc. I claim asmy invention: 1. The combination with atypewriter, o a code machinelocated away from the linger keys of andto one side ofthe typewriter andhaving a series of characters correspond' with those of the typewriterand shiftable as a whole into different positionsl relatively to thecharacters of the typewriter, thereby to permit the formulation of manythousands of different codes, and means for actuating the characters ofythe typewriter on the ymanipulation of the characters of the codemachine. f

2. The combination with a typewriter, of

' a code machine having a circular series of characters correspondingwith those of the typewriter on the manipulation of the characters ofthe code machine, means for shifting the characters of the code machine,and means for locking the shifting means.

6. The combination with a typewriter, of

ya code machine having a series of characters corresponding with thoseof the, t ewriter and shiftable into different positions relatively tothe characters of the typewriter, 'l

means for actuating the characters of the typewriter on the manipulationof the characters of the code machine, means for shifting the charactersof the code machine, and means for locking the shifting means andincluding a key having a crank.

7. The combination with a typewriter, of a code machine having a seriesof characters corresponding with those of the typewriter and shiftableinto differentr ositions rela-v tively to the characters of t etypewriter, means for actuating the characters of the typewriter on themanipulation of the chartypewriter and shiftable into dil'erentpositionsrelatively to the characters' rof the type-.1

writer, and means for actuating the :characters of the typewriter on themanipulation of the charactersu of the`code machine.

3. The combination with a typewriter, of

a code machine located away from the finger keys of and'in front of thetypewriter and having a series' of characters corresponding with thoseof the typewriter and shiftable into different positions relatively tothe characters 'of the typewriter, means for actuating the characters ofthe typewriter on the manipulation of the characters of the code4machine, and means for shifting the characters of the code machine.

4. The combination with a typewriter, of

a a code machine having a seriesof characters corresponding with thoseof the' typewriter and shiftable into different positions relatively tothe characters of the typewriter, means for actuating the characters ofthe typewriter on the manipulation of the characters of the codelmachine, and means' for shifting the characters ofthe code machineand'comprising a worm wheel and a. worm.

The combination witha typewriter, of a code machine ha a series ofcharacters .corresponding .with tose of the typewriter and shiftableinto different 'tively to the characters oft e-typewriter,

means' for actuatingthe characters ofthe corresponding with acters ofthe code machine, means for shifting the charactersof the code machineand comprising a worm wheel and a worin, and means for locking the wormwheel and -worin against movement. n

8. The combination with a typewriter, of a code machine having acircular series of characters corresponding with those of the typewriterand shitable into different positions relatively to the characters ofthe typemeans for actuating the characters of the typewriter on themanipulation of the characters of the code machine, and means writer,

for rotatively shifting the characters of the code machine. i

9. The combination with a typewriter, of

a code machine having a circular series of characters corresponding withthose of the typewriter and shiftablel into tions relatively to thecharacters of the ty writer, means for actuating the characters' of thetypewriter on the manipulation of the characters of the code machine,means for rotatively shifting the characters of the code machine, andmeans for locking said shiftangmeans. i l f 10. vThe combination with atypewriter, of

a code machine having. a circular-series of' different posi.l

rotate fthe a sericsof l Ose of the typewriter and shiftable intodiderent positions relatively to the characters of the typewriter, andmeans for actuating the characters of the typewriter on the manipulationof the characters of the code machine, said code machine having sets ofkey characters, one set for each character of the series, by means ofwhich the setting of the code machine is determined.

12. The combination with a typewriter, of a code machine having acircular series of characters corresponding with those of the typewriterand shiftable into different positions relatively to the characters ofthe typewriter, and means for actuating the characters of the typewriteron the manipulation of the characters of the code machine, said codemachine having key characters by means of which the setting of the codemachine is determined,

13. The combination with a typewriter, of a code machine having ashiftable series of movable characters corresponding with those of thetypewriter and shiftable as a whole into substantially as many differentpositions as there are characters of said shiftable series withouteliminating the use of any of the corresponding characters on thetypewriter, and means connecting each of said characters with acharacter of the typewriter thereby to manipulate the characters of thetypewriter.

14. rl`he combination with a typewriter, of

a code machine having a rotary series of movable characterscorresponding with those of the typewriter, and means connecting each ofsaid characters with a character of the typewriter thereby to manipulatethe characters of the typewriter.

15. The combination with a typewriter, of a code machine having ashiftable series of movable characters corresponding with those of thetypewriter, and means connecting each of said characterswith a characterof the typewriter thereby to manipulate the characters of thetypewriter, said code machine having a series of sets of key charactersthereon, one set `tor each character of the series, whereby on thesetting of the key characters in a predetermined way the typewriter canbe manipulated to form a code or to translate it.

16. rl`he combination with a typewriter, of a code machine located awayfrom the finger keys of and to one side of the typewriter and comprisinga shiftable member carrying a series of shiftable characters connectedwith and corresponding to the characters of the typewriter and operativeto actuate the characters of the typewriter on the manipulation of thecharacters of the code machine.

17. The combination with a typewriter, of a code machine comprising ashiftable member carrying a series of shiftable characters correspondingto the characters of t-he typewriter and operative to actuate thecharacters of the typewriter on the manipulation of the characters ofthe code machine, said code machine having a series of sets of keycharacters thereon, one set for each character of the series, whereby onthe setting of the key characters in a predetermined way the typewritercan be manipulated to form a code or to translate it.

18. The combination with a typewriter, of a code machine comprising arotatable disk, a series of movable character carrying devices carriedby the disk for rotation thereby, and a series of levers connected withthe character leversofthe typewriter and each operative' by any one ofthe character carrying devices of the rotatable disk.

19. The combination with a typewriter, of a code machine comprising arotatable disk, a series of movable character carrying devices carriedby the disk for rotation thereby, a series of levers connected with thecharacter levers of the typewriter and each operative by any one oi' thecharacter carrying devices of the rotatable disk, and means for rotatingthe disk. i

20. The combination with a typewriter, of a code machine comprising arotatable disk, a series of movable character carrying devices carriedby the disk for rotation there- 95 by, a series of levers connected withtlie character levers of the typewriter and each operative by any one ofthe character carrying devices of the rotatable disk, and means :torrotating the disk and comprising a worm 10@ and a worm wheel the latterconnected with the disk for rotation therewith.

21. rlhe combination with a typewriter, of a code machine comprising arotatable disk, a series of movable character carrying de- 105 vicescarried by the disk for rotation thereby, a series of levers connectedwith the character levers of the typewriter and each operative by anyone of the character carrying devices of the rotatabledisk, means forro- 110 tating the disk and comprising a worm and 22.. rlhe combinationwith a typewriter, of i a code machine comprisinga rotatable disk, aseries of movable character carrying devices carried by the disk forrotation thereby, a series of levers connected with the character leversof the typewriter and each operative by any one of the charactercarrying devices of the. rotatable disk, means for rotating the disk andcomprising a worm and a worin wheel the latter connected with the diskfor rotation therewith, and a lock for locking the worm wheel againstrotation and comprising a crank-formed key.

23. rl`he combination with a typewriter, of a code machine comprising arotatable disk, a series of movable character carrying devices carriedby the disk for rotation thereby, a series of levers connected with thecharacter levers of the typewriter and each operative by any one of thecharacter carrying devices of the rotatable disk, lmeans forl rotatingthe disk and comprising aworm and a worm wheel the latter connected withthe disk for rotation therewith, a lock for lock- ,ing the worm wheelagainst rotation and comprising a crank-formed key, means for supportingthe disk and worm wheel, and a seal for preventing the withdraw-al ofthe disk and its worm from the worm wheel.

24. The combination with a typewriter having a series of type-actuatingkey levers,.

having a series of type-actuating key levers,

of a supporting base therefor, a rotary drum mounted on said base andcomprising a disk and a worm wheel connected for rotation, a series ofdepressible character carrying .keys corresponding in number andarrangement with. the characters of the typewriter, a series of leversconnected one with each of the key levers of the typewriter and having apart thereof in position tobe operated by any one of the charactercarrying keys of the drum, a worm for rotating said worm wheel, and,means for rotating said worm.

26. The combination with a typewriter having a series of type-actuatingkey' levers, of a supporting base therefor, a rotary drum mounted onsaidbase and comprising a disk and a worm wheel connected for rotation,

va series of depressible character carrying keys corresponding in numberwith the characters of the typewriter, a series of levers connected onewith each ofthe key levers of the typewriter and having a part thereofin position to be operated by any one of the character carrying keys ofthe drum, a worm for rotating said worm wheel, and means for rotatingsaid worm, said means comprising a key and a lock formed as a vpart ofsaid worm for manipulation by the e v 4 277. The 'combination with atypewriter having a series of keylevers, of a supporting base thereforhaving a pedestal, a rota drum-mounted thereon and having a shagprojecting into said pedestal and comprising a diskand a worm wheelsecured for rotation, said worm wheel and pedestal having a ball"bearing raceway, a series ofl spring-controlled key plungers carried bythe disk and worm wheel, a'. series of levers corresponding with thenumber of typewriter key levers and connected therewith and in positionto be actuated by the spring` having a series of key levers, of asupporting base therefor having a pedestal, a rotary drum mountedthereon and having a shaft projecting into said pedestal and comprisinga disk and a worm wheel secured for rotation, said worm wheel andpedestal havl ing a ball bearing raceway, a series of spring-controlledkey plungers carried by the disk and worm wheel, a series of leverscorresponding with the number of typewriter key levers and connectedtherewith and in position to be actuated by the springcontrolledvplungers, a worm carried by said drum and in mesh with the worm wheel,means for locking the worm and for actuating it thereby to rotate thedrum and its key levers, and means for sealing the drum thereby toprevent the removal thereof from its pedestal.

29. The combination with a typewriter having a series of key levers, ofa supporting baseltherefor having a pedestal, a rotary drum mountedthereonand having a shaft projecting into said pedestal and comprislinga disk and a worm wheel secured for rotation, said worm wheel andpedestal having a .ball bearing raceway, a series of spring-controlledkey plungers carried by th'e disk and worm wheel, a series of levers-vcorresponding with the number of typewriter key levers and connectedtherewith and in position to be actuated by the springcontrolledplungers, a worm carried by said drum and in mesh with' the worm wheel,

and means for lockingthe worm and for actuating it thereby to rotatevthe drum and its keylevers, said drum and pedestal having a series ofkey characters thereon.

30. The combination with a typewriter .having a series of key levers, ofa supporting base therefor having a pedestal, a rota drum mountedthereon and having a sha projectingK into said pedestal and comprislng adisk `and a worm wheel secured for rotation, said worm wheel andpedestal having -a ball bearingV raceway, a lseries "ofspring-controlled key plungers carried by the disk and worm wheel, aseries of .levers corresponding with the number of typewriter key leversand connected therewith and in position to be actuated by the spring-.controlled plungers, a worm carried by sald drum and in mesh with theworm wheel,-

means for lockingthe worm and for actuating it thereby to rotate thedrum and its key levers, and means for sealing the drum thereby toprevent the removal thereof from its pedestal, said drum and pedestalhaving a series of key characters thereon.

3l. The combination with a typewriter having a series of type-actuatingkey levers, of a supporting base therefor, a rotary drum mounted on saidbase and comprising a disk and a worm wheel connected for rotation, aseries of depressible character-carrying keys corresponding in numberwith the characters of the typewriter, and a series of levers connectedone wtheach of the key levers of the typewriter and having a partthereof in position to be operated by any one of the character carryingkeys of the drum, the drum and supporting base having thereon a seriesof key characters whereby on the setting of the key characters in apredetermined way the typewriter may be manipulated to form a code or totranslate it.

The combination with a typewriter, of a code machine comprising arotatable disk, a series of movable character-carrying devices carriedby the disk for rotation thereby, and a series of levers connected withthe character levers of the typewriter and each operative by any one ofthe character-carrying devices of the rotatable disk, said code machinehaving a series of sets of key characters thereon, one character of eachset being rotatable withthe disk and the other of each set fixed withrelation to the disk whereby on the setting of the key characters in apredetermined way the typewriter may be manipulated to form a code or totranslate it.

33. The combination with a typewriter, of a code machine comprising ashiftable member carrying a series of shiftable characters correspondingin number and arrangement with the characters of the typewriter, meansfor actuating the characters of the typewriter on the manipulation ofthe shiftable characters of the shiftable mem-V ber, said code machinehaving a series of key characters corresponding in number with thenumber of shiftable characters of the code machine, said seriescomprising a shiftable series and a fixed series, the former shiftablewith the shiftable member.

3l. The combination with a typewriter, of a code machine located awayfrom the finger keys of and to one `side of the typewriter and having aseries of characters corresponding with those of the typewriter andshiftable into different positions relatively to the characters of thetypewriter, means for actuating the characters of the typewriter on themanipulation of the characters of the code machine, and means forlocking the code machine.

35. The combination with a typewriter, of a code machine having acircular series of characters corresponding with those of the typewriterand rotatable into different positions relatively to the characters ofthe typewriter, means for actuating the characters of the typewriter onthe manipulation of the characters of the code machine, and means forlocking said code machine.

36. The combination with a typewriter, of a code machine having a seriesof characters corresponding with those of the typewriter and shiftableinto different positions relatively to the characters ott' thetypewriter, means for actuating the characters of the typewriter on themanipulation of the characters of the code machine, and means forlocking the code machine, said code machine having a series of keycharacters, said series comprising a shiftable series and a xed series,the former shiftable with the shiftable characters.

37. .The combination with a typewriter,

of a code machine having a circular series of characters correspondingwith those ot' the typewriter and rotatable into different positionsrelatively to the characters of the typewriter, means for actuating thecharacters of the typewriteron the manipulation of the characters of`the code machine, and means for locking said code machine, said codemachine having a series of key characters, said series comprising ashiftable series and a fixed series the former shiftable with therotatable characters.

38. A code writing machine comprising two sets of movablecharacters, oneset shiftable as a whole relatively to the other into as many differentpositions as there are characters in a set, whereby said shiftable setmay bel shifted so that the operation of any of the movable charactersthereof will operate the movable characters ot' the Lother set withouteliminating the use ot' any of the corresponding characters of suchother set, and means for actuating the characters of one set on themovement of the characters of the other.

39. A code writing machine comprising two sets of movable characters,one set rotatable relatively to the other whereby said rotatable setVmay berotated so that the operation of any of the movable charactersthereof will operate any of the movable characters of the other set, andmeans for actuating the characters of one set on the movement of thecharacters of the other.

40. A code vwriting machine comprising two sets o1 duplicate movablecharacters, one

. ating the characters of one set on the moveof the other.

set, and means for actuating the characters of one set on the movementof the characters l 41. A code writing machine comprising two sets ofmovable characters, one set shiftable relatively to the other wherebysaid shiftable set may be shifted so that the operation of any of themovable characters thereof will operate any. of the movable lcharactersof the other set,'and means for actu'- ment of the characters of theother, said machine having two series of combination symbols one seriesfixed and the other shiftable D characters relatively to the otherseries of Q symbols one series shiftable with said set ofsymbols.

43. A code writing machine comprising two sets of duplicate movablecharacters, one set shiftable relatively to the other whereby saidshiftable set may be shifted so that the operation of any of the movablecharacters ,thereof will .operate any of the movable characters of theother set, and means for actuating the characters of one set on themovement of the characters of the other, said machine having` two seriesof combination shiftable characters and relatively to the other seriesof symbols.

code writing machine comprising two sets of movable characters, one setshiftable relatively to the other whereby said shiftable set may beshifted so that the operation of any of the movable characters thereowill operate any of the movable characters of the other set, means foractuating the characters of one set on the movement of the characters ofthe other, and two series of combination symbols one series shifftablerelatively to the other and with the shiftable characters.

45. A code writing machine comprising two sets of duplicate 'movablecharacters, one set rotatable relatively to the other, land means foractuating on the movement of ofy combination symbolsmesponding'. innumber with lthe number of 'the rotatable set and one series rotatablerelatively to the other series of symbols and with the rotatable set ofcharacters whereby on the setting 'of the` symbols in a predeterminedany of the movable characvfor actuating the characters of one two setsthe characters of one set the characters of the ro-` haYlng a tatableset, said machine having two series manner a code may: formulated ortrans- `lated.

46. A code writing machine comprising two sets of duplicate movablecharacters, one

set rotatable' relatively to the other, means for actuating theVcharacters of one set on the movement of the characters of therotatablev set, said machine havingl two series of combination symbolscorresponding in number the other series 0f symbols and with therotatable set of characters whereby on the setting of the symbols in apredetermined manner a code may be formulated or translated, and meansfor rotating the rotatable set of characters whereby the operation ofany one of the characters thereof will operate any one of the charactersof the other set.

47 A code writing machine comprising two sets of duplicate movablecharacters,v one set rotatable relatively to the other, means set on themovement of the characters of the rotatable set, said machine having twoseries of combination symbols correspondingl in number with ythe numberof characters of the rotatable set and one series rotatable relativelyto the other series of symbols and with the 'rotatable set of characterswhereby on the setting ofthe symbols in a predetermined manner a codemay be formulated or translated, and means for locking the rotatable setof characters against movement.

48. A code writing machine comprising two sets of duplicate movablecharacters, one set rotatable relatively to the other, meansA foractuating the characters of one set Von the movement of the charactersof the rotatable set, .said machine having two series of combinationsymbols corresponding in number with the number of characters of therotatable set and one series rotatable relatively tothe otherpseries ofsymbols and with the rotatable set of characters whereby on the settingof the symbols in a predetermined nanner a code may be formulated ortranslated, means for rotating the rotatable .set of characters wherebythe' operation of any one of the characters thereof will operate any oneof the characters of thev other set, and means for locking the means forrotating the rotatable set ofy characters.

-49.` A code writing machine comprising of movable characters, onepositioned to impart impressions and each having finger keys, said twosets of characters duplicate arrangement. and oneset rotatablel'relatively to the other, and means for actuating the v'impression setof charac-l ',ters on the movement of the linger keys of the otherset. l50. A code .writing machine comprising two sets of movable characters,said two sets of characters /having a duplicate arrangenient and one setrotatable relatively to the other, and means for actuating thecharacters of one set on the movement of the characters of the otherset, said machine having two series of combination symbols, one seriesrotatable relatively to the other and with the rotatable set ofcharacters whereby on the setting of the symbols in a predeterminedmanner a code may be formulated or translated.

51. A code writing machine comprising a supporting member, a typewriterand a rotatable member `carried by said supporting member, a set ofcharacter-carrying keys carried by said rotatable member andcorresponding in number and arrangement with the character keys of thetypewriter, means for actuating the typewriter keys on the manipulationof the keys of the rotatablel member, and two series of combinationsymbols, one series carried by the supporting member and the other bythe rotatable member whereby on the setting of the symbols in apredetermined manner by the rotation of the rotatable member a code maybe forl mulated or translated.

52. In -amachine of the class described, the combination of a typewriterand a code forming machine connected therewith, said code machine havinga shiftable character carrying medium constructed and organized so thatupon changing as a whole the position of said shiftablecharacter-carrying medium, so that its characters will be in adifferentarrangement from those of the typewriter with which it isconnected the manipulation of any of the characters of thecharacter-carrying medium will operate any of the characters of thetypewriter thereby to permit the formulation of many thousands ofdifferent codes, or the translation of any of such codes on thetypewriter and means operatively connecting the keys of the typewriterwith the characters of the code forming machine.

53. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a typewriterand a code forming machine connected therewith, said code machine havinga shiftable character carrying medium constructed and organized so thatupon changing as a whole the position of said shiftablecharacter-carrying medium, so that its characters will be in adille-rent arrangement from those of the typewriter with which it isconnected, the position of said shiftable character-carrying mediumvarying according to the number of the characters carried thereby andwithout eliminating the use of any of the corresponding characters onthe typewriter the manipulation of any of the characters of thecharacter-carrying medium will operate anyof the characters of thetypewriter thereby to permit the formulation of many thousands ofdifferent codes or to translate any of such codes on the typewriter, andmeans operatively connecting the keys of the typewriter with thecharacters of the code forming machine, said shift-able char-V.acter-carrylng medlum carrymg one serles of combination symbolsshiftable relatively to another series of symbols thereby to form aseries of sets of combination keys correspondingvwith the numbercharacters carried by said shiftable character-carryin meriumfor theproper sett-ing of said shi able medium.

Signed at 1822 Park Row Building, New York, N. Y., this.21st dav ofJuly, 1916. J S POWERS.

